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US states and districts in which non-Hispanic whites are a minority.
Majority-minority state is a term used to describe a U.S. state in which a majority of the state\'s population differs from the national majority population of non-Hispanic whites. These data are usually derived from self-identification questions on United States Census questionnaire and extrapolated data (see race (United States Census).
Four states are majority-minority states: Hawaii (which has long been such a state, and is the only state that has never had a white majority) and New Mexico, California, and TexasMinority population surging in Texas (which more recently have entered the category). In August 2006 the United States Census reported that the percentage of non-Hispanic white residents had fallen below 60 percent in Maryland, Georgia and Nevada.Report: Diversity growing in nearly every state The District of Columbia has long had a majority African American population. All major United States territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Marianas Islands, and American Samoa) are majority-minority areas.
Throughout most of the 19th century and into the 20th century a number of Southern states had populations that were majority African American. They were Louisiana (until the 1890sLouisiana - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1810 to 1990), South Carolina (until the 1920sSouth Carolina - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990) and Mississippi (until the 1930sMississippi - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1800 to 1990). In the same period, Georgia, Alabama and Florida had African American populations close to but just below the 50% level.Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States The first data for New Mexico was a 5% sample in 1940 which estimated non-Hispanic whites at 50.9%. New Mexico - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1850 to 1990
In reference to contemporary "majority-minority" states, it is important to note that Hispanics do not constitute a race but rather an ethnicity. Individuals who marked white and Hispanic were therefore not counted as being multi-racial but rather only as White. The U.S. Census currently defines "white people" as "people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-4.pdf The White Population: 2000]}}, Census 2000 Brief C2KBR/01-4, U.S. Census Bureau, August 2001. This definition includes Hispanics because it presumes that they generally descend from European colonists[citation needed]. However, this classification of Hispanics - as well as Mediterranean peoples, and those originating in the Middle East - has not been without controversy.
Although the Census attempts to enumerate both citizens and non-citizens, the illegal immigrant population of the United States has proven hard to quantify, and is therefore not reflected in the table below. Current estimates based on national surveys, administrative data and other sources of information provide inaccurate measures of the size of the illegal immigrant population, but indicate that the current population may range from 7 million to 20 million. An often used number (in 2006-2007) is 12 million illegal immigrants, but this is only an estimate.Brad Knickerbocker. "Illegal immigrants in the US: How many are there?", The Christian Science Monitor, May 16, 2006.
| Area | White (all) | Non-Hispanic White | Asian | African American | Hispanic or Latino | Native American | Native Hawaiian | Two or more races |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 60.0% | 43.8% | 12.2% | 6.7% | 35.2% | 1.2% | 0.4% | 2.4% |
| Hawaii | 26.8% | 23.5% | 41.5% | 2.3% | 8.0% | 0.3% | 9.0% | 20.1% |
| New Mexico | 80.5% | 43.1% | 1.3% | 2.4% | 43.4% | 10.2% | 0.1% | 1.5% |
| Texas | 58.4% | 49.2% | 3.3% | 11.7% | 35.1% | 0.7% | 0.1% | 1.1% |
| District of Columbia | 38.0% | 31.1% | 3.1% | 57.0% | 6.8% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 1.6% |
| United States | 70.0% | 66.9% | 4.3% | 12.8% | 14.4% | 1.0% | 0.2% | 1.5% |
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005
The term majority-minority state almost always refers to ethnic/racial minorities but may also refer to another criteria, such as religion, disability, or age. For example, the majority of Utah residents are Mormons, a Christian denomination that is a religious minority throughout the rest of the United States. Utah and Rhode Island, which has a Roman Catholic majority, are the only states in the U.S. where a single denomination constitutes a majority of the population. However, no U.S. state has a majority composed of any non-Christian group, except for Hawaii, where 61.1 percent of the population follow non-mainstream religions. Hawaii – Wikipedia
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